Research Interest: CO2, Southern Ocean, lower oxygen, Upwelling system. Understanding the coupled carbon-climate system in the Southern Ocean and the way that natural and anthropogenic CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean influence the long term trend of atmospheric CO2 - Understanding and modelling the incidence and variability of oxygen in shelf and oceanic systems and their ecosystem implications - Modelling the biophysical processes which start and maintain phytoplankton new production in upwelling and open ocean systems