I work in the defense industry, and we definitely employ people who have studied astronomy / astrophysics / space science. In fact, three of the eighty research staff members in my division are astronomers.

The most useful aspects of my astronomical training were:

  1. Data analysis of a wide variety of different observations (radio, optical, X-ray, IR)
  2. Creating and giving presentations
  3. Writing scientific papers
  4. Writing observing proposals
  5. Teaching science to non-scientists
  6. Statistics
  7. Writing computer programs for data reduction and analysis